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This casual note is to record how to use R to replace the NA with 0 or any string. Generally, NA can be generated for different reasons, like unclean data, data transformation, or missing values. Otherwise, we have to convert NA to zero or other stings in order to present them in tables or listings.

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The box plot is used to demonstrate the data distribution in common and to look for outliers. We can also see where the 25% and 75% quarters are, as well as the median value from the box. As a result, it's a very helpful visual chart.

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Recently, I'm a little confused how to create or save PNG graphs in SAS. Normally, we would have been to create RTF or PDF instead but there was sometimes a specific requestment to save as PNG directly. So we need to know how to complete it in SAS when I have a graph generated by SGPLOT or GTL procedure.

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This article is to illustate how to conduct an (Analysis of Covariance) ANCOVA model to determine whether or not the change from baseline glucose is affected by treatment significantly. In other words, using ANCOVA to compare the adjusted means of two or more independent groups while acounting for one or more covariates.

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This post is just a note referred from one article as shown below that I think would be beneficial for anyone who is as new as I am, as this requirement is fairly common in pharamaceutical programming.

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这个是当初最开始学习用SAS的时候做的笔记,现在再次看到有点亲切和熟悉,初学者看书做笔记的感觉。。。

回过头看,这些非常基础的用法却是平时用的最多的代码。

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