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使用ComplexHeatmap简单绘制热图

ComplexHeatmap其实是一个很全面的R包,它除了可以绘制简单热图还有其他复杂实用的热图,这里主要简单的介绍一下如何用这个R包来绘制简单热图 1. 首先按照http://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/vignettes/ComplexHeatmap/inst/doc/s2.single_heatmap.html 创建一个测试数据

    library(ComplexHeatmap)
    library(circlize)

    set.seed(123)

    mat = cbind(rbind(matrix(rnorm(16, -1), 4), matrix(rnorm(32, 1), 8)),
            rbind(matrix(rnorm(24, 1), 4), matrix(rnorm(48, -1), 8)))

    # permute the rows and columns
    mat = mat[sample(nrow(mat), nrow(mat)), sample(ncol(mat), ncol(mat))]

    rownames(mat) = paste0("R", 1:12)
    colnames(mat) = paste0("C", 1:10)
  1. 可以使用circlize包里面的colorRampl2函数来设定热图的颜色参数,比如下面例子中的(-3,0,3)分别对应green,white,red三种颜色,但当值是大于3或者小于-3时,则也是对应临界点的green和red

     Heatmap(mat, col = colorRamp2(c(-3, 0, 3), c("green", "white", "red")), 
         cluster_rows = FALSE, cluster_columns = FALSE)
     ###对于连续型数据
     Heatmap(mat, col = rev(rainbow(10)))
     ###对于离散型数据
     discrete_mat = matrix(sample(1:4, 100, replace = TRUE), 10, 10)
     colors = structure(circlize::rand_color(4), names = c("1", "2", "3", "4"))
     Heatmap(discrete_mat, col = colors)
  2. name 参数来设置图例的名称,column_title 参数来设置列的名称,row_title 参数来设置行的名称, column_title_side 参数设置title的位置,row_title_rot 参数设置row title的方向(垂直 or 水平)

     Heatmap(mat, name = "foo", column_title = "I am a column title", 
         row_title = "I am a row title",column_title_side = "bottom", row_title_rot = 0)
  3. 这个包对于cluster的设定有很多参数,比如cluster_rows,逻辑值,表示是否要对行进行聚类,当其为某个特定值时,则表示对行树杈进行处理;show_column_dend,当为逻辑值时,表示是否要显示列的树杈,当为位置值时,表示显示列的位置,row_dend_side也是同理;column_dend_height 表示树杈的高度

     Heatmap(mat, name = "foo", cluster_rows = FALSE)
     Heatmap(mat, name = "foo", show_column_dend = FALSE)
     Heatmap(mat, name = "foo", row_dend_side = "right")
     Heatmap(mat, name = "foo", column_dend_height = unit(2, "cm"))
    
     library(dendextend)
     dend = hclust(dist(mat))
     dend = color_branches(dend, k = 2)
     Heatmap(mat, name = "foo", cluster_rows = dend)
  4. cluster的参数除了上述以外,还有对应选择聚类距离的参数,如:clustering_distance_rows,对应行聚类距离的参数,其除了指定某个聚类距离外,还可以调用其他聚类距离相关函数以及自定义函数

     Heatmap(mat, name = "foo", clustering_distance_rows = "pearson")
     Heatmap(mat, name = "foo", clustering_distance_rows = function(m) dist(m))
     Heatmap(mat, name = "foo", clustering_distance_rows = function(x, y) 1 - cor(x, y))
  5. 除了设定cluster距离参数,还可以设定hierarchical cluster的方法,clustering_method_rows;这里跟上述的聚类距离一样,除了可以使用默认的hclust()函数里面的参数,还可以调用其他函数;

     Heatmap(mat, name = "foo", clustering_method_rows = "single")
     library(cluster)
     Heatmap(mat, name = "foo", cluster_rows = as.dendrogram(diana(mat)),
         cluster_columns = as.dendrogram(agnes(t(mat))))
  6. row_dend_reorder 参数,逻辑值,用于控制对行是否进行排序,默认的开启的;而对于row_order 则可以人为对行进行排序,如下

     Heatmap(mat, name = "foo", cluster_rows = FALSE, cluster_columns = FALSE, 
         row_order = 12:1, column_order = 10:1)
  7. 接下来介绍几个对行名 or 列名,或者行树杈 or 列树杈进行自定义的参数, row_names_side 表示行名的位置,row_dend_side 表示行树杈的位置,列也类似;row_names_gp 参数可以控制行名的大小颜色等;

     Heatmap(mat, name = "foo", row_names_side = "left", row_dend_side = "right", 
         column_names_side = "top", column_dend_side = "bottom")
     Heatmap(mat, name = "foo", row_names_gp = gpar(col = c(rep("red", 4), rep("blue", 8))))
     Heatmap(mat, name = "foo", row_names_gp = gpar(fontsize = 20))
  8. A heatmap can be split by rows. This will enhance the visualization of group separation in the heatmap.The km argument with a value larger than 1 means applying a k-means clustering on rows and clustering is applied on every k-means cluster.其他的分割方式以及排序方式可以查看开头网站里面的介绍

     Heatmap(mat, name = "foo", km = 2)
  9. 最后就是Self define the heatmap body,其中主要是如何运用cell_fun这个可以自定义的函数,网站里有对其详细的解释,这里就说下如何用其来对热图框中显示数字

    Heatmap(mat, name = "foo", cell_fun = function(j, i, x, y, width, height, fill) {
        grid.text(sprintf("%.1f", mat[i, j]), x, y, gp = gpar(fontsize = 10))
    })

Summary

按照以上的参数,通过自定义上述参数,做一张自己想要的热图,如:

library(ComplexHeatmap)
library(circlize)
library(dendextend)

set.seed(1)

mat = cbind(rbind(matrix(rnorm(16, -1), 4), matrix(rnorm(32, 1), 8)),
            rbind(matrix(rnorm(24, 1), 4), matrix(rnorm(48, -1), 8)))

# permute the rows and columns
mat = mat[sample(nrow(mat), nrow(mat)), sample(ncol(mat), ncol(mat))]
rownames(mat) = paste0("R", 1:12)
colnames(mat) = paste0("C", 1:10)

# color for dendrogram
dend = hclust(dist(mat))
dend = color_branches(dend, k = 2)

Heatmap(mat,name = "foo", 
        column_title = "This is a column title",
        column_names_side = "top",
        row_title_rot = 90, 
        column_title_rot = 0,
        col = colorRamp2(c(-3, 0, 3), c("green", "white", "red")),
        cluster_rows = dend, 
        row_dend_side = "left",
        row_names_side = "left",
        row_title = c("cluster1","cluster2"),
        column_dend_height = unit(2, "cm"),
        clustering_method_rows = "complete",
        split = 2,
        row_title_gp = gpar(col = c("red", "green")),
#        row_names_gp = gpar(col = c("red", "green")),
        cell_fun = function(j, i, x, y, width, height, fill) {
          grid.text(sprintf("%.1f", mat[i, j]), x, y, gp = gpar(fontsize = 10))
          grid.rect(x = x, y = y, width = width, height = height, gp = gpar(col = "grey", fill = NA))
        }
)
<img width="520" height="360" src="http://www.bioinfo-scrounger.com/data/photo/heatmap.png">

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